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Bahrain

53.5 Mid Autumn #27 of 217 · BHR · Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan · High income · Data: 7/7
What's Driving the Score
Base CCI (7 indicators weighted) 42.5
Hidden extraction (shadow economy, employer burden) +4.1
Resource masking (depletable resource dependency) +5
Development adj (spending below expected for income level) +1.9
Total CCI 53.5
Development Context
GDP per capita: $29,654
Actual spending: 26.1% GDP
Expected (Wagner): 32.4% GDP
Gap: 6.3% below expected
Indicator Breakdown
Each indicator is normalized to 0-100. Higher = more late-cycle pressure. The composite CCI is a weighted average plus adjustments.
Spending
26.1% GDP 32.2 2020
Debt
142.5% GDP 71.2 2024
Growth
2.9% 47.3 2024
Migration
14.29/1000 14.3 2024
Governance
0.49 40.1 2024
Fiscal Pressure
31.9% of revenue 63.9 2020
Demographic
Fert: 1.8 | Dep: 5% 22.6 2024
Spending (18% weight) - Total general government expenditure as % of GDP. Source: IMF WEO. Range: 10% (lean) to 60% (heavy state). Higher spending = further in the cycle.
Debt (14%) - Gross government debt as % of GDP. Source: IMF WEO. Range: 0-200%. Debt accumulation is how states finance extraction beyond revenue.
Growth (15%) - Average real GDP per capita growth over 5 years. Source: IMF WEO / World Bank. Inverted: low or negative growth signals extraction is suffocating the productive economy.
Migration (10%) - Net migration rate per 1000 population. Source: UN Population Division via World Bank. Inverted: people leaving is the most honest indicator - they vote with their feet.
Governance (18%) - Composite of control of corruption, government effectiveness, rule of law, and regulatory quality. Source: World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators. Inverted: poor governance = extraction without accountability.
Fiscal Pressure (13%) - Interest payments as % of government revenue. Source: World Bank WDI. When interest consumes revenue, the state must tax more, borrow more, or print - the death spiral mechanism.
Demographic (12%) - Composite of fertility rate (below replacement = future worker shortage) and old-age dependency ratio (more retirees per worker = more fiscal pressure). Trajectory signal - affects the cycle in 20-30 years.
Hidden Extraction
Shadow Economy 16.6% GDP
Social Contributions -
Self-Employment 2.4%
Spending-Revenue Gap 23.3% GDP
Total Hidden Adjustment +4.1 pts
Official spending data understates real extraction. These proxies estimate what's hidden:
Shadow Economy - % of GDP operating outside formal taxation. Source: IMF WP 18/17 (Medina-Schneider). Brazil at 35% means a third of the economy is escaping formal taxation - but citizens still pay through embedded costs.
Social Contributions - Employer payroll burden as % of government revenue. Hidden from workers' payslips. A 22% figure means significant extraction happens before workers see their salary.
Self-Employment - High rates signal people fleeing formal employment because the extraction burden makes it unprofitable. Informal/self-employed workers still pay consumption taxes.
Spending-Revenue Gap - Difference between what the state spends and what it collects as formal tax. The gap is funded by hidden channels: forced savings (e.g. FGTS in Brazil), state enterprises, parastatal organizations, or money printing.
Resource Revenue +5 pts masking adjustment
16.6% of GDP
Oil 10.9% GDP (depletable)
Gas 5.7% GDP (depletable)
Non-resource 83.4% GDP
Depletable resources (oil, gas, coal) mask the real CCI by funding the state without citizen taxation. When the resource depletes or demand shifts, the state must suddenly extract from citizens. This country's CCI is adjusted +5 points to account for this masking effect.
CCI Trajectory (2000-2026) +22.7 pts over 26 years
Spring E.Sum M.Sum L.Sum E.Aut M.Aut L.Aut E.Win 0 20 40 60 80 100 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024 2026 30.8 33.7 36.5 41.6 57.1 53.5 data 7/7 0/7
Historical CCI computed from available indicators per year (spending, growth, governance, fiscal pressure, demographics). Not all 7 indicators are available for every year - early data points use fewer indicators. The trend direction matters more than absolute values.
Nearest Countries by CCI Score
# Country CCI Season Delta Data
26 Lebanon 53.5 Mid Autumn +0.0 6/7
25 Mexico 53.6 Mid Autumn +0.1 7/7
28 New Caledonia 53.2 Mid Autumn -0.3 4/7
24 Japan 54 Mid Autumn +0.5 6/7
29 Bolivia 53 Mid Autumn -0.5 7/7